THE CDC DOESN'T Research the Safety of Vaccination Nor Does IT WARN THE PUBLIC ABOUT PATERNAL AGEING AND AUTISM/SCHIZOPHRENIA RISK

Adventures in Autism: Ken Stoller Files Complaint Against Anne Schuchat

What DOES the CDC and Julie Gerberding Really KNOW about "AUTISM" and Paternal Age and Vaccinations?

http://www.mothering.com/interactive/mothering-media/mothering-media.html


From Mothering.com on is the CDC acting in the interest of US citizens or the pharmaceutical industry? Paul Offit,etc.

An Excellent Post on Vaccinations

Congratulations on your new baby! And Welcome to the War on Disease!
By Julie Obradovic
The Rescue Post


I have been wrong to exclude the influence of mercury and other ingredients of vaccinations in causing autism because I am so interested in the subject of how advancing paternal age is a cause of neurological and immunological disorders. Both increasing paternal age and the ingredients of vaccinations cause neurocognitive developmental disorders and detrimental effects.


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hq7FSYYVMEU

The CDC Cannot Handle Drug Resistant TB and It Can Not Inform the Citizens of the USA that Advancing Paternal Age is a Robust Risk Factor for Autism

Speaker Contradicts CDC On TB Warnings
Border Patrol Did Not Stop Speaker

POSTED: 7:04 am PDT June 6, 2007


Andrew Speaker told a U.S. Senate panel Wednesday that he always fully cooperated with health officials and told them his travel plans, contradicting testimony from the head of the Centers for Disease Control, who said that he violated a sense of trust.

Speaker, a 31-year-old lawyer from Atlanta, caused an international scare after taking two trans-Atlantic flights to Europe for his wedding and honeymoon while infected with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis.

He said he was told he was not contagious and was told he was not a threat to his wife or daughter. He also pointed out that he was allowed to continue working and going to court, despite his diagnosis.


Speaker was in Italy when health agencies determined he had XDR-TB, not just multiple drug-resistant TB........


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Family: CDC Said TB Patient Not Contagious
National Jewish Says First Two Sputum Tests Negative

POSTED: 11:38 am MDT June 4, 2007
UPDATED: 6:43 pm MDT June 4, 2007



DENVER -- The family of Andrew Speaker, the 31-year-old Atlanta attorney in isolation at a Denver hospital with a rare and dangerous form of tuberculosis, is speaking out.

In an exclusive interview with ABC's Good Morning America, Cheryl and Ted Speaker and Robert and Betsy Cooksey said they are "in hell" and "we just want to get out of hell."

They said they are frustrated that while on the surface it appears as though Speaker was reckless in his decision to travel to and from Europe, they claim that the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention gave them no indication that Speaker was contagious with his drug-resistant TB
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Wednesday, June 6, 2007 - Page updated at 02:06 PM




TB-infected traveler tells Congress he wasn't on the run
By DEVLIN BARRETT

The Associated Press

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WASHINGTON — The globe-trotting tuberculosis patient now in quarantine insisted to Congress today that doctors told him he wasn't contagious and didn't order him to stay in the United States for treatment — even as health officials painted a picture of a man on the run.

"I didn't go running off or hide from people. It's a complete fallacy, it's a lie," Andrew Speaker, a 31-year-old Atlanta lawyer, said by telephone from the Denver hospital room where he remains in government-ordered isolation.

But in testimony to a Senate subcommittee, federal and local health officials said Speaker took an international flight two days earlier than planned after he had been told he had a drug-resistant form of TB and should not travel.

Fulton County health officials told Speaker, "No you should not travel," Dr. Steven R. Katkowsky, the health department's director, said. "Was he ordered not to travel? The answer to that was no. The local health department does not have the authority to prohibit or order somebody not to travel."

U.S. border officials told Congress this morning that a lone customs officer undid their efforts to stop a man with a dangerous form of tuberculosis from entering the country — but that explanation was met with skepticism from lawmakers who said the case exposed plenty of holes in the nation's security.

"We dodged a bullet," House Homeland Security Committee chairman Bennie Thompson said as he opened a hearing into the case of Speaker, whose wedding and honeymoon travel caused an international health scare.

State Department policy requires sick U.S. citizens abroad to pay their own way home. But U.S. health officials felt that Speaker was such a danger to others that they wanted to help transport him — only to be unable to find an airplane with the separate air ventilation required to prevent TB's spread before Speaker fled.

TB traveler's trail


The Centers for Disease Control and international health authorities are contacting people who may have been exposed to Andrew Speaker, the U.S. traveler with extensively drug-resistant TB. (For more information on the disease and the controversy surrounding Speaker, see www.cdc.gov/tb/xdrtb/)

Here are some details of his travels:

— He left Atlanta on May 12 on Air France flight 385/codeshare Delta flight DL8517, arriving in Paris on May 13

— He flew from Paris to Athens on May 14 on Air France flight 1232

— On May 16 he flew on Olympic Airlines flight 560 from Athens to Santorini, Greece for his wedding.

— On May 21 he flew from Mykonos, Greece to Athens and then from Athens to Rome

— On May 24, after being told by health authorities not to fly, he flew from Rome to Prague on Czech Air Flight 0727. The same day he flew to Montreal aboard Czech Air Flight 0104

— He drove from Montreal to New York on the same day, crossing the U.S.-Canada border even though his passport triggered an electronic notification after U.S. officials flagged it.

— The CDC says it is very unlikely anyone aboard the shorter flights could have been infected. Only exposure of eight hours or more could have infected anyone, so only those who were on trans-Atlantic flights are being contacted.

Seattle Times staff and news services
"We have a gap there," Dr. Julie Gerberding, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, told a separate Senate hearing.


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Prenatal and Perinatal Risk Factors for Autism
A Review and Integration of Findings

Alexander Kolevzon, MD; Raz Gross, MD, MPH; Abraham Reichenberg, PhD


Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161:326-333.

Objective To review the evidence for the presence of prenatal and perinatal factors that affect the risk of autism and autism spectrum disorders.

Data Sources Relevant articles were identified by searching MEDLINE, screening reference lists of original studies, and searching major journals likely to publish epidemiological studies on the topic. ....




The results of this review show that 3 of the 4 population-based studies28-29,32 to examine paternal age reported a significant association with risk of autism and ASDs. The fourth study31 also found that paternal age was older in fathers of case patients with autism compared with fathers of controls, although this relationship was statistically weaker in the adjusted analysis. Thus, advancing paternal age is consistently associated with increased risk of autism and ASDs.
Advanced paternal age has been associated with several congenital disorders, including Apert syndrome,40 craniosynostosis,41 situs inversus,42 syndactyly,43 cleft lip and/or palate,44-45 hydrocephalus,44 neural tube defects,46 and Down syndrome.47 In addition, advanced paternal age has been associated with schizophrenia15 and decreased intellectual capacities in the offspring.48 The most widely proposed mechanism underlying these congenital anomalies is known as the "copy error" hypothesis, first proposed by Penrose.49 After puberty, spermatocytes divide every 16 days, and by the age of 35 years, approximately 540 cell divisions have occurred. As a result, de novo genetic mutations that result from replication errors and defective DNA repair mechanisms are believed to propagate in successive clones of spermatocytes. These mutations accumulate with advancing paternal age and thus help explain how this disorder, which has a large genetic component, can be maintained in the population despite reduced reproduction in affected individuals.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------


May 2007 PATERNAL AGE AND AUTISM ARE ASSOCIATED IN A FAMILY-BASED SAMPLE

: Mol Psychiatry. 2007 May;12(5):419-421.Paternal age and autism are associated in a family-based sample.Cantor RM, Yoon JL, Furr J, Lajonchere CM.
[1] 1Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] 2Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA [3] 3AGRE Consortium, Los Angeles, CA, USA.

PMID: 17453057 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]


The paternal age distribution of the AGRE fathers, whose first child is autistic differs significantly from that of the 'control' sample (P=0.005). A 2 goodness-of-fit test with 2 degrees of freedom was conducted using percents in the 'control' group age categories to calculate the expected values in the AGRE sample. The shift toward higher paternal ages in those with an affected first-born is seen most dramatically in the group of AGRE fathers who are 30–39 years inclusive, which is 54.7% of the distribution compared with the 41.9 % that is expected. We interpret this shifted age distribution to provide support for the recently reported finding by Reichenberg and co-workers that autism risk is associated with advancing paternal age.
Labels: CM Lajonchere, J Furr, JL Yoon, RM Cantor

Risk of Non-Familial Autism Is Often Related To the Age of the Father at a Child's Birth

Published on the EBD Blog

In order to access the links and the complete comment section please read this paper where it was originally published: THE EBD BLOG


cFathers’ Age as Contributor to Risk for Autism
Leslie FeldmanThe average age of fatherhood is increasing in the US and in Western Europe. Some research shows that offspring of older fathers are at increased risk for diseases and conditions (Bray et al., 2006). Some experts predict an upswing in cases of schizophrenia will accompany the increasing average paternal age. “The actual percentage of cases with paternal germ line-derived schizophrenia in a given population will depend on the demographics of paternal childbearing age, among other factors. With an upswing in paternal age, these cases would be expected to become more prevalent” (Malaspina et al., 2006). Approximately 25-33% of all cases of schizophrenia may be due to the father’s age at conception, according to Malaspina (2006). Malaspina sees a connection between advancing paternal age and neural functioning difficulties in people with autism and with schizophrenia. According to Tarin et al. (1998), there are well over 30 known conditions that the offspring of older fathers are more at risk for (see chart on paternal aging in the linked article).

The diagnosis of autism is increasing in the US and elsewhere (Centers for Disease Control, 2006). In a population study of 1990 through 1999, a total of 669,995 children, Atladóttir and colleagues (2007) reported increased diagnosese of autism, Torrette Syndrome, and hyperkinetic disorder. Is there a connection between increased cases of disorders such as autism and increased average paternal age? Psychiatrist Michael Craig Miller (2006), editor of the Harvard Mental Health Letter is convinced there is. Although a connection between the two would be corelational (not causal), the relationship encourages examination of the possibility that something related to paternal age (e.g. mutations in gametes) may contribute to the occurrence of autism. If there is a potential causal relationship, the new study by the Centers for Autism and Developmental Disabilities Research and Epidemiology (CADDRE) Network would provide a valuable opportunity to test the hypothesis.

Observations of a connection between advanced paternal age and difficulties for offspring go way back. Earlier research looking for a link between maternal age and autism also found the average paternal age (34) was much higher than the average age in the general population (Gillberg, 1980). Geneticist James F. Crow (1997) cites Wilhelm Weinberg (1862-1937) as noticing, during his 42 years of medical practice and helping 3,500 births, that the mutation rate might be a function of paternal age. Crow said, the evidence suggested that the greatest mutational health hazard in the population is fertile old men.

A study by Reichenberg et al. (2006) found a strong connection between cases of autism and advancing paternal age. Reichenberg and colleagues, who found more autism as paternal age increased, also found that the ratio of girls to boys in this cohort was 1:1, suggesting that this was a special subset of autism, maybe de novo rather than familial autism.

What might be the mechanism that produces higher rates of disorders among children of older fathers? The DNA in a 20 year-old male has been copied approximately100 times but in a 50 year-old father it has been copied over 800 times. Singh and colleagues (2003) studied differences in the sperm of older and younger men. Men over age 35 have sperm with lower motility and more highly damaged DNA in the form of double-strand breaks. The older group also had fewer apoptotic cells, an important discovery. (Apoptosis is form of cell death that protects the parent organism from problems or that permits differentiation, as in resorption of a tadpole’s tail.) A really key factor that differentiates sperm from other cells in the body is that they do not repair their DNA damage, as most other cells do. As a result, the only way to avoid passing DNA damage to a child is for the damaged cells to undergo apoptosis, a process that the study indicates declines with age. Singh is quoted in Science Blog (Sullivan, 2002) as explaining that, “In older men, the sperm are accumulating more damage, and those severely damaged sperm are not being eliminated.”

Sources

The following list of sources is for works cited in this document or for other studies finding a connection between age of fathers at conception and various disorders. Access to some of the Web-based resources may be limited because of the policies of the publishers.

Atladóttir, H. O., Parner, E. T., Schendel, D., Dalsgaard, S., Thomsen, P. H., & Thorsen, P. (2007). Time trends in reported diagnoses of childhood neuropsychiatric disorders. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med., 161, 193-198. Link

Brown et al. (2002): Paternal age and risk of schizophrenia in adult offspring. Am J Psychiatry, 159, 1528-1533. Link

Bray, I., Gunnell, D., & Smith, G. D. (2006). Advanced paternal age: How old is too old? Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 60, 851-853. Link

Burd et al., (1999). Prenatal and perinatal risk factors for autism. J. Perinatal. Med., 27, 441-450. Link

Byrne, M., Agerbo, E., Ewald, H., Easton, W. W., & Mortensen, P. D. (2003). Parental age and risk of schizophrenia, A case control study. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 60, 673-678. Link

Centers for Disease Control, (2006). How common are Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)? Link

Centers for Disease Control. (2002). Prevalence of the Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) in multiple areas of the United States, 2000 and 2002. Atlanta, GA: Author. Link

Crow, J. F. (1997). The high spontaneous mutation rate: Is it a health risk? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 94, 8380-8386. Link

Dalman, C., & Allebeck, D. (2002). Paternal age and schizophrenia: Further support for an association. Am J Psychiatry, 159, 1591-1592. Link

Gillberg, C. (1980). Maternal age and infantile autism. J. Autism and Developmental Disorders, 10, 293-297. Link

Lauritsen M. B., Pedersen, C. B., & Mortensen, P. B. (2005) Effect of familial risk factors and place of birth on the risk of autism: a nationwide register-based study. J. Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 46, 963-971. Link

Miller, M. C. (2006) A new key to Autism. Aetna IntelliHealth, September 25. Link

Malaspina, D., et al. (2001): Advancing paternal age and the risk of schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 58, 361-367. Link

Malaspina, D. (2006). In session with Dolores Malaspina, MD, MSPH: Impact of childhood trauma on psychiatric illness (interview by N. Sussman). Primary Psychiatry, 13(7), 33-36. Link

Malaspina, D. (2006). Schizophrenia risk and the paternal germ line. Schizophrenia Research Forum. Link

Rasmussen, F. (2006) Paternal age, size at birth, size in young adulthood&mdashrisk factors for schizophrenia. Eur Journal of Endocrinology, 155 Suppl 1:S65-69. Link

Reichenburg, A., Gross, R., Weiser, M. Bresnahan, M., Silverman, J. Harlap, S., et al. (2006). Advancing paternal age and autism. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 63, 1026-1032. Link

Singh, N. P., Muller, C. H., & Burger, R. E. (2003). Effects of age on DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis in human sperm. Fertility and Sterility, 80, 1420-1430. Link

Sipos, A., Rasmussen, R., Harrison, G., Tynelius, P., Lews, G., Leon, D. A., et al. (2004). Paternal age and schizophrenia: A population based cohort study. BMJ, 329, 1070. Link

Sullivan, B. J. (2002). Research reveals a cellular basis for a male biological clock. Science Blog, 2002-11-25 22:31. Link

Tarin, J. J., Brines, J., & Cano, A. (1998). Long-term effects of delayed parenthood. Human Reproduction, 13, 2371-2376. Link

Tsuchiya, K. J., Takagai, S., Kawai, M., Matsumoto, H., Nakamura, K., Minabe, Y., et al. (2005). Advanced paternal age associated with an elevated risk for schizophrenia in offspring in a Japanese population. Schizophrenia Research, 76, 337-342. Link

Wohl, M. & Gorwood, P. (2006). Paternal ages below or above 35 are associated with a different risk for schizophrenia in offspring. Eur. Psychiatry, Dec 1 [Epub ahead of print]. Link

Zammit, S., Allebeck, P., Dalman, C., Lundgerg, I., Hemming, T., Owen, M. J., et al. (2003). Paternal age and risk for schizophrenia. Br. J. Psychiatry, 183, 405-408. Link

3 Comments »
[…] may view the document, including references and links to many resources on this topic, by following this link or by clicking on the page in the side rail (look under the heading […]

Pingback by EBDblog » Paternal age–more — 21 February 2007 @ 3:08 pm

http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5601a1.htm

February 9, 2007 / 56(SS01);1-11

Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, Six Sites, United States, 2000

Corresponding author: Catherine Rice, PhD, Division of Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, CDC, 1600 Clifton Road, N.E., MS E-86, Atlanta, GA 30333. Telephone: 404-498-3860; Fax: 404-498-3550; E-mail: crice@cdc.gov.

http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ss5601a1.htm

Comment by Leslie Feldman — 21 February 2007 @ 7:36 pm

Dr. Narendra P.Singh suggested that I elaborate about what happens when the DNA in the primitive sperm making cells divides hundreds and hundreds of times as men age.

I will try.

Mutations arise with each cell division and the mutation rate increases with age. There are base substitutions and deletions and other copying errors. In a man of 45 there have been 770 cell divisions ancestral to a sperm. See James F. Crow’s paper, “The high spontaneous mutation rate: Is it a health risk? in the sources section of the paper.

Comment by Leslie Feldman — 22 February 2007 @ 7:38 pm








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